Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are a common problem of the anus and rectum. They occur when the veins around the anus or lower rectum become swollen and inflamed, often as a result of straining during a bowel movement, sitting for long periods of time, or long-term constipation. Symptoms include bright-red blood on the toilet paper, anal discomfort, and itching. Fortunately, the problem can be treated with dietary changes and healthy bowel habits. In more severe cases, a procedure or surgery may be required.

Information on Hemorrhoids

What Are Hemorrhoids?

The term hemorrhoids refers to a condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed.

Hemorrhoids are common in both men and women. About half of the population has hemorrhoids by age 50.

Causes and Types

There are several groups of veins that surround the rectum and anus -- one group is known as internal hemorrhoidal veins, the other is known as external hemorrhoidal veins. The underlying cause of hemorrhoids is increased pressure within these veins.

There are two types of hemorrhoids, and each type is named for the veins that are affected. The internal type is caused by increased pressure within the internal hemorrhoidal veins; the external type is caused by increased pressure within the external hemorrhoidal veins.

(Click Causes of Hemorrhoids or Types of Hemorrhoids for more information.)

Risk Factors

There are a number of conditions that can increase the pressure within the hemorrhoidal veins. While these conditions are not causes of hemorrhoids, they are considered risk factors.

Risk factors include:

Straining to move stool, or other poor bowel habits such as sitting for long periods
Pregnancy
Aging
Chronic constipation or diarrhea
Anal intercourse
Cirrhosis
Obesity
A high-fat, low-fiber diet.

(Click Causes of Hemorrhoids for more information.)

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