Hemorrhoids

Hemorrhoids are a common problem of the anus and rectum. They occur when the veins around the anus or lower rectum become swollen and inflamed, often as a result of straining during a bowel movement. Other factors can also contribute to hemorrhoids, such as sitting for long periods of time, pregnancy, and long-term constipation or diarrhea. People with hemorrhoids may notice symptoms like bright-red blood on the toilet paper, anal discomfort, and itching. Once properly diagnosed, hemorrhoids can often be treated with dietary changes and healthy bowel habits. More severe cases may require a procedure or surgery.

 

What Are Hemorrhoids?

The term hemorrhoids refers to a condition in which the veins around the anus or lower rectum are swollen and inflamed.
 
Hemorrhoids are common in both men and women. About half of the population has hemorrhoids by age 50.
 

Hemorrhoids Causes and Types

There are several groups of veins that surround the rectum and anus -- one group is known as internal hemorrhoidal veins, the other is known as external hemorrhoidal veins. The underlying cause of hemorrhoids is increased pressure within these veins.
 
There are two types of hemorrhoids and each type is named for the veins that are affected. Internal hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure within the internal hemorrhoidal veins; external hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure within the external hemorrhoidal veins.
 

Hemorrhoid Risk Factors

There are a number of conditions that can increase the pressure within the hemorrhoidal veins. While these conditions are not causes of hemorrhoids, they are considered hemorrhoid risk factors.
 
Risk factors for hemorrhoids include:
 
  • Straining to move stool, or other poor bowel habits such as sitting for long periods
  • Pregnancy
  • Aging
  • Chronic constipation or diarrhea
  • Anal intercourse
  • Cirrhosis
  • Obesity
  • A high-fat, low-fiber diet.

 

(Click Causes of Hemorrhoids for more information.) 

 

(Hemorrhoids Continued: Page 2)
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Written by/reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD
Last reviewed by: Arthur Schoenstadt, MD